The Dna Mismatch Repair System ( Mmr ) Essay - 1606 Words

Introduction In a dazzling display of choreography, proteins of the the DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) come together to fix replication errors, which results in an extraordinarily high degree of genomic fidelity.1-5 It is no wonder, then, that the MMR system has transcended almost all evolutionary stratification and is a highly conserved process across species. The MMR system is chiefly responsible for initiating cellular responses for several types of DNA lesions, including single-base mismatches and small insertion-deletion loops.1 Mounting evidence suggests that MMR may play a role in numerous other processes, including triggering the generation of immune diversity. How this actually happens, however, is still the topic of many investigations.19, 20 MutSÃŽ ±, one of the many components of human MMR, is known to affect all of the aforementioned processes. In instances where epigenetic silencing or mutations of genes that code for the proteins of MutSÃŽ ± occur, DNA mismatches are allowed to persist, which collectively increase the probability that microsatellite instabilities (a mutator phenotype) occur. Microsatellites are known to cause an increased tolerance to DNA methylation, hyperrecombination, and numerous other perturbations on DNA that can eventually lead to cancers and/or defective progeny.3, 11 Considering the importance of MMR to human health, a thorough understanding of the structure, function, and temporal relationships between the many components of MMR isShow MoreRelatedDr Lab Report778 Words   |  4 Pagesresistance to endogenous and exogenous environmental insults to the genetic material. Multiple DNA repair pathways coordinate the response to such genotoxins and protect our genome [1]. Endogenous insults may be generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism in the form of reactive oxygen species or during physiological processes such as meiotic recombination, mating-type switching in yeasts, V(D)J recombination and DNA replication-transcription collision [2-5]. Exogenous stresses include hypoxia, radiationRead MoreWhat Are Molecular Markers?1613 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are molecular markers? †¢ DNA sequences that show polymorphisms (variations in size or sequence) in the population. They provide information about allelic variation at a given locus. Properties of molecular markers: 1. Polymorphic 2. Frequently distributed along the genome 3. Easily detected 4. Reproducible 5. Most are co-dominant but a few are dominant (RAPD) Common Molecular Markers: †¢ RFLP: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism †¢ AFLP: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism †¢ RAPD:Read MoreMerrill Syndrome : Lynch Syndrome1358 Words   |  6 Pagesgenetic testing. Genetics According to Clancy (2014): During replication of DNA in dividing cells, errors occur in the genetic code. The primary function of the mismatch repair (MMR) system is to correct errors to maintain genomic stability. If there is a germline mutation, then the MMR system fails, leading to a pattern of genomic instability and an increased risk of cancer. Lynch syndrome is a failure of the MMR system, resulting in a gene mutation. An accumulation of genetic damage can leadRead MorePathological Correlation Report- Jack s Case3052 Words   |  13 Pagesfound on chromosome 5q and has the characteristic of the development of various adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum (as seen in the histological images taken from biopsies from Jack’s colon) whilst the latter is due to a germline mutation in DNA mmr genes (Arnold et al., 2005).The APC gene is a tumour suppressor gene that codes for a protein important in the process of signal transduction and cell adhesion and a mutation in this gene is what gives rise to the early onset of FAP (P, 2013). TheRead MoreTraffic Management N Mumbai10672 Words   |  43 Pagessubway, etc, for the approval of the DCP (HQs) and the Jt.C.P, Traffic 3. Attending various meetings in MMRDA, MSRDC, MCGM and other organization in connection with major projects such as Mono rail, Metro Rail, Bandra-Worli Sea link, Bus Rapid Transit System etc. 4. Sending replies for various queries under Right to Information Act, Attending various court matters. 5. Planning and organizing various Road Safety Activities of education wing. 6. Assisting DCP (HQs) during the visit of various VVIP/VIPsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesRESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563