Data Security The Safeguard of Patient Health...

The safeguard of patient health information and consumer information is effectively and sufficiently guarded is the upmost importance to any organization. Information security is important because it the law. Any deficiency of an effective information security program can be costly to an organization and be detrimental to patients and consumers. Organizations must be aware of the growing opportunities for breaches in security as technology is advancing is making the collection, maintenance, and dissemination of protected health information easier (Sayles, 2013). The following two security breaches will identify threats, and provide a security plan for the organization. The first security breach case is of Affinity Health Plan. A†¦show more content†¦Besides the hefty penalty, the settlement includes a corrective action plan requiring Affinity to use its best efforts to retrieve all hard drives that were contained on photocopiers previously leased by the plan that remain in the possession of the leasing agent, and to take certain measures to safeguard all electronic protected health information. The second security breach case is of Barnes Noble. In September 2012, hackers stole credit card information of customers who shopped at sixty-three Barnes Noble stores across the United States, which included New York City, San Diego, Miami and Chicago. The company discovered customer information had been stolen but kept the incident quiet per the request of the Justice Department so the F.B.I. could find out who was behind the intrusion (Huffington Post, 2012). The information was stolen by hackers who broke into the keypads in front of registers where customers swipe their credit cards and enter their personal identification numbers (PIN). The company acknowledged the security breach, and announced as a precaution, customers who used their cards at any of the sixty-three Barnes Noble where information wasShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Facilities Should Implement Safeguards On Data Information1340 Words   |  6 PagesInformation security so important in healthcare because being able to share data digitally holds a lot of potential for doctors, nurses and clinicians to send and receive content fast and effectively. Although this is a great thing, on one hand, it is also dangerous because patient data and other sensitive information are even more at risk of being stolen, exposed or accessed by unauthorized parties. Because of this, security must be a top priority for any medical organization today and for theRead MoreThe Security And Privacy Of Health Information751 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Privacy of health information has become an area of emphasis across the healthcare industry. It is important to understand what data is protected under federal regulations, how it can be shared, and how to prevent any accidental exposure of protected data. It is possible that data that should be protected can be exposed without anyone even realizing a violation has occurred. Exposure of protected healthcare data can result in medical identity theft and is therefore a very importantRead MoreChallenges With Educational Programs Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesonly the care and treatment of patients - it is adhering to policy, procedure and workflow processes to ensure the privacy, security and confidentiality of individuals goes beyond care in every capacity. The content of information is sensitive and is the providers and other healthcare workers responsibility to safeguard the information they receive and used to determine diagnosis, treatment plans. Patients want to feel comforta ble and trusting with their information especially in the electronic worldRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Hacking968 Words   |  4 Pageshacker. â€Å"A hacker is an individual who intends to gain unauthorized access to a computer system† (Laudon Traver, 2015). Oxford Dictionaries defines an ethical hacker as â€Å"a person who hacks into a computer network in order to test or evaluate its security, rather than with malicious or criminal intent† (Ethical Hacker, n.d.). In other words, an ethical hacker aims to discover if any vulnerabilities exist in the system so the vulnerabilities can be fixed before a malicious hacker can exploit them.Read MoreBenefits Of An Ehr For Medical Records1557 Words   |  7 Pagesto access their medical records, data has been put into place showed that the general population knows that having an EHR would be beneficial (Thede, 2010). Research has suggested that patients, providers and insurance companies have benefited from EHRs b ecause insurance companies do not have to pay for duplicate testing as well as patients and providers having the ability to increase the quality of care that is provider (Thede, 2010). Not to mention, the patients aren’t pained to have to rememberRead MoreThe Importance of Health Information Privacy Bill of Rights1110 Words   |  5 Pagesdiminished rights of patient privacy. Kam (2012) states that an attorney specializing in patient rights James C Pyles complained that an individual has greater privacy rights regarding the size of a shirt you purchased online than you do about information in your mental health records under the Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights, issued by the White House in February 2012 Pyles consequently is pushing a forthcoming Health Information Privacy Bill of Rights that will provide patients the same degree ofRead MoreHipaa Compliance And Technology Use Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesHIPAA compliance and technology use: In 1996 when Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted HIPAA compliance and the use of technology was not given that much importance as it is today. Only small percentage of people owned mobile phones twenty years ago which didn t have a lot of capabilities of communicating except the basic text messaging. Twenty years later the mobile device technology is much advanced and has much more capabilities and much faster than imaginedRead MoreSimilarities Between Video 5 And Video 7 Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many similarities and differences within the health care system, specifically when it comes to Electronic Health Records (EHR) and its privacy. According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Serv ices, â€Å"an Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that person s care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notesRead More Patients Rights and Access to Medical Records Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesPatients Rights and Access to Medical Records The confidentiality of patient visits and medical records are essential in providing the highest quality of health care. Under penalty of law, a patients medical records or any other information regarding the patient may only be released with his or her authorization. Exceptions to this are certain cases specified by law for example, health care providers are required to report certain communicable diseases such as measles. Many organizationsRead MoreInformation Security in the Healthcare Industry1562 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Security in the Healthcare Industry The rapid changes in technology over the past few decades has left the healthcare industry ill-prepared to operate in today’s environment. Most substantial protections of sensitive consumer information has come as a result of federal regulation, most notably in 1996 with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 2009 as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Protection of information in the healthcare industry has

The Duff Is A Teen Movie - 1494 Words

The DUFF is a teen movie, which offers people a myopic view of life as a normal, nameless high school student. The movie begins as the main character, Bianca Piper, walked down in the school hall way with her best friends, Jessica and Casey, who were known as the popular girls at school. Jessica and Casey got party invitation from the mean girl Madison, and they decided to bring Bianca to the party too. At the party, Bianca was just one of those nameless and faceless people in a sea of popular teenagers. The only boy who approached her and talked with her is Wesley Rush, who is Bianca’s next-door neighbor she was known her whole life. Wesley, as a handsome captain of the high school football team, is a typical guy who likes to get girls’ attentions. At first, Bianca was confused when Wesley came to talk with her, but she soon realized what Wesley really wants when he asked about her best friends, Jess and Casey. Wesley also told Bianca it is her responsibility to give i nformation about Jess and Casey to other people, because she is the â€Å"DUFF†. Bianca asked what DUFF is and Wesley explained to her that it is stand for â€Å"Designated Ugly Fat Friend†. The â€Å"DUFF† title that Wesley has given to Bianca hurts her self-esteem and made her angry and disappointed at the same time. After came back home from the party, Bianca was inspired by her mother’s self-help statement, so she decided to take action and change her own situation. She asks Wesley for suggestions, so they started toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Review of A Cinderella Story985 Words   |  4 PagesTodd McCarthy and the director Mark Rosman, the movie director found fresh faces to portray the lead roles of Sam and Austin in (A Cinderella Story) with Hilary Duff and Chad Michael Murray. Hilary Erhard Duff was a Texan girl who wanted to be an actor since she was six years old. She starred traveling with her sister Haylie Duff and started in her first mini series, â€Å"True Women.† The Director Mark Rosman made A Cinderella Story a spontaneous movie by putting young actors. As teenagers the bothRead More Review of A Cinderella Story Essay example1552 Words   |  7 Pagesmovies. The fairy tale of Cinderella has been produced in movies many times like Ever After (1998) and A Cinderella Story (2004). A Cinderella Story (2004) has an interesting storyline, cast, themes, and appeals to teenagers and young adults. The movie begins as Sam narrating how she is in a far away kingdom with a beautiful little girl with her â€Å"weirdo† father. Then Sam clarifies that this was not â€Å"long ago† and â€Å"not a really far away kingdom;† they are in the San Fernando Valley. Growing up inRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Norms Essay1831 Words   |  8 PagesFor this paper, I am going to be discussing gender in the institution of films. 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The young girl then is forced to do many things for the family she never wantedRead MoreThe Beatles : The Best Band Of All Time1387 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted to slowly move away from skiffle and started playing more rock n’ roll. The banjo playing left because of this and it gave McCartney the opportunity to introduce George Harrison to Lennon. The band now consisted of Harrison, Lennon, McCartney, Duff Lowe and Colin Hanton. The band broke up in 1959 but Harrison, Lennon and McCartney stuck together. They eventually formed a band called Johnny and the Moondogs. In 1960, these three members joined wi th a friend of John’s named Stu Sutcliffe and guitaristRead MoreEating Disorders And The Media3374 Words   |  14 Pagestoday. Actors and actresses are required to look a certain way in order to get a job and to play the certain role. This immaculately high standard is then filtered down to the viewers of the shows and movies that the actors and actresses star in. Movie star Rebel Wilson, known more recently from â€Å"Pitch Perfect†, is known for being proud of her larger frame and says about other, thinner stars in her field â€Å"You see other actresses who are like ‘Oh I can’t really eat much lunch today because I’ve gotRead MoreMobile Phones5820 Words   |  24 Pagesmerely juggles between a huge number of tasks. This causes burden and hence results in Stress . Stress is a bane to the modern era. Due to our ill capacities of not understanding the correct usuage of resource, our life has turned into a Frankenstein’s movie! Also cell phones have made terrorist attacks in the world very easy. This has become a global matter of concern .Not going far beyond and viewing things aerially and focusing solely on our lives children are growing in precocious manner ,which isRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesthis situation presents four majors that operate in Australia. Warner Music Australia is part of Warner Bros. This is part of the WEA group of labels that also includes Elektra and Atlantic records. In turn, it is part of TimeWarner, which also has movie distribution, TV networks, publishing and cable TV divisions. TimeWarner is part of AOL/Time Warner. Universal Music Australia is part of the music division of Vivendi Universal, which also has much larger publishing software, TV and movies, telecomRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesoffer 86 CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS 2. A consumer advocate organization conducted a survey to determine whether Wendy’s hamburgers were really any more â€Å"hot and juicy† than any other hamburgers. After testing a Big Mac, a Whopper, a Teen Burger, and a Wendy’s Hot and Juicy, each hamburger brand received approximately the same number of votes for being the juiciest. The consumer group advocated that Wendy’s not advertise its hamburgers to be the juiciest. 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The Definition of Post Test Club Free Essays

What is Post Test Club? Post Test Club is a social support group for all clients tested whether infected with HIV or not. It was established to respond to the expressed needs of the tested clients for ongoing support. Membership Values; Membership is open to all clients who have taken the HIV test irrespective of their results. We will write a custom essay sample on The Definition of Post Test Club or any similar topic only for you Order Now The principle of anonymity and confidentiality applies for those members who so wish. Members who have tested positive or negative and are willing to ? go public? to share their life testimonies are trained in public speaking . They promote the ? openness? i. e.. ,to declare publicly that he was infected with HIV. MISSION: To help sustain the behavior change process of persons who received voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and serve as a forum for reducing stigma by providing education and information as well as support and counseling.. ,To promote openness about HIV/AIDS and enhance the psycho-social adjustments of those infected and affected. Goal: 1. To contribute to the national effort to prevent further spread of HIV/AIDS 2. To increase understanding of adolescence , sexuality and reproductive health. To promote safer sex, life skills development and child adolescent rights plus responsibilities. Objectives 1. To provide on-going psycho-social support to the members and increase public awareness of HIV/AIDS 2. To bring the reality of HIV/AIDS to the general population ,and demonstrate by example that people living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) can still lead a health and productive life 3. To help reduce stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS. Post Test care and Support Services Provide medical information about HIV/AIDS including general HIV knowledge, disease progression, ARVs, opportunistic infections (OIs), family planning, environmental health and positive living so that clients can proactively take control of their own health and reduce the risk of transmission. * Provide legal information so that HIV infected individuals can protect their rights and the rights of their families. * Help members to make decisions about disclosure to friends, family and the community. * Provide a secure and inviting environment where members have access to resources, support and counseling free of charge . Help to link clients to needed services for economic, social support. * Provide referrals to other care and treatment programs. * Reduce stigma and discrimination around HIV and HIV testing * Provide support to HIV discordant couples * By working with couples specifically, the program seeks to support discordant couples and reduce gender violence and HIV transmission within marriages. Routine operations: 1. On-going supportive and preventive counseling: This service is offered on a ? walk ? in? basis and is carried out daily by the counselor and counseling attendants. Counselling is provided to members on FP/TB/HIV/ AIDS and otherhealth related issues including Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT), Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) and health promotion. 2. Medical Consultation and Treatment: Members consult and receive treatment for simple ailments ,opportunistic infections and sexually transmitted diseases. The medical booth is open daily and qualified health professionals provide services. 3. Group Activities: Every Saturday members meet for educational talks on HIV/AIDS and other related topics, they also participate in recreation activities (video and games AND drama). These activities take place in the morning to afternoon( 09H00 -14H00) 4. They share experiences and provide peer support to one another. An activity roaster for HIV/AIDS sensitization for the week is developed and programmes allocated. 5. Community Education and Sensitization : The Post Test Club members are involved in sensitizing the communities and YOUTH through music, dance, drama, poetry , and sharinglife testimonies. 6. Capacity and Skills Building: NTIHC PTC trains some members as youth corner attendants. These members provide services to the TEENS. Members engaged in income generating activities (IGAS) are given training skills on management of the projects†¦. LIFE EMPOWERMENT SKILLS†¦.. proposal writing! 7. Leadership Skills: The executive committee members of PTC are trained in elementary leadership skills. 8. Condom promotion and peer education: Trained PTC members do peer education in the communities and distribute free condoms simultaneously minimising CONDOM ABUSE. 9. Distribution of IEC Materials: Members receive IEC materials for consumption and distribute some to communities. They mainly distribute ? Straight Talk? , ? Young Talk? , ? Knowledge Is Power? , and other NTIHC IEC Materials. 10. Family Planning Services: Family planning information,counseling, and methods are provided daily in the FP clinic by counselling medical personnel and reproductive health attendants. 11. Couple Club Activities: Members whose spouses have also tested are encouraged to participate in the couple club activities. It facilitates fellowship and handles special topics that are of interest to couples such as discordant relationships, marriage and divorce issues,domestic violence, and gender issues. PTCs have been able to do remarkable things in the battle against HIV/AIDS: – Through music, dance and drama, they perform in community centers, churches and schools to teach people about HIV/AIDS. – They encourage people to be tested, and then teach people how to avoid nfection, and if infected, how to avoid spreading the disease. – They support each other—showing love and care, providing material assistance to the most needy widows and orphans among them, working together on projects, and pooling resources to pay for member’s funerals. Their motto is â€Å"Living Positively. † Regardless of their disease status,they believe a positive attitude will help them and their loved ones through difficult times. A place of their own†¦.. ,TEENS EMPOWERING PEERS! muyenje +2562O25O245O cc: bukslewde@gmail. com echarlies@yahoo. co. uk ssekittoali@yahoo. co. uk kalule2umar@yahoo. com yasinlys2007@yahoo. com senb_malik@yahoo. com penymax2004@yahoo. c o. uk jscillah@yahoo. com brownluise7@gmail. com muyenjism@gmail. com How to cite The Definition of Post Test Club, Papers

Digital Citizenship for Teachers and Curriculum - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDigital Citizenship for Teachers and Curriculum. Answer: Introduction The world is getting connected to many kinds of digital and this is making the people living in it has become digital citizens (Hong, Hwang, Hsu, Wong Chen, 2011). Digital citizen is understood to be as the person that utilises information and technology so as to engage in society, government, politics and many other things. The use of digital mediums has very popular in the day to day activities of an individual. Some also terms digital citizens as the ones who are regularly connected with the internet mediums and take effective use of it for doing various tasks. But this term is more used for the persons who uses blogs, social networking sites and takes part in online journalism. A person becomes the digital citizen on the day he starts take using of online mails, posts pictures online, buys online products or participates in any kind of electronic functions. The governments all around the world have started to take use of the digital mediums for their operations. This brings tran sparency in the system and hence helps in providing a better democratic environment. This report explains citizenship, transparency and democracy as well as the relationship between them. It also explains the ways in which digital means provides opportunities for social firms to become more interactive with the social institutions. Publicity and transparency Publicity refers to as the openness in the life that tells about the something more clearly. Publicity is the state of something where everything is shown without keeping anything secret. In democratic environment publicity is a state where most of the people becomes accountable to the society for whatever he or she is doing. Transparency is another form of publicity and is generally attributed to any social institutions. In the state of being transparent a social active grow up has to showcase each and every details of theirs so that everyone remains aware of the things that are going on (Barr, 2017). In the modern day world people are demanding to more transparent social institutions so that they can be accountable in front of the masses. Democracy Over the years a several definitions of democracy has been given. It is a form of government that is highly accountable to the general public (Christiano, 2018). A definition given by Abraham Lincoln states it t be a government that is It is to the people, for the people and by the people. Some other definitions of democracy states that it is a form of government that is more participatory. It allows the people from different domains to join the government. It is the form of social institution where every suggestion of the people is heard and hence acted upon in a more social way. The social institutions that are democratic must entertain every kind of idea (Fallis, 2011). People have rights to do things what they want unless they are not destroying the rights of others. A democratic form of government is more genuine and does not supress any idea because they are in minority. The forms of government can be different under the democracy. This is sometimes also understood to be as the form of government where people enjoys power either directly or through their representatives. In this system social institutes is not controlled by any single force rather a more collaborative decisions are made as everyone has the same rights. Democracy has a more struggling nature where the forces in social institutes have to repeatedly struggle for the realisation of their interests. They become the devolution of power from the group of people to a set of rules. Citizenship It is the status of the person recognised under the laws and customs as being a legal member of the state that is sovereign or say belong to any particular nation. It can be possible that a person can be a multiple citizen of different states at the same time. It just depends on the criteria they must fulfil so as to become the citizen of any particular person (Christensen Cheney, 2014). Many a time citizenship is understood to be as the synonym for nationality but it is not correct and they both have a different meaning. There can be many ways in which one can become citizen of a nation like citizen by birth or citizen by marriage etc. The history of providing citizenship lies way back in the times of Ancient Greece where you were considered as the legal person to live inside the nation. Relationship between publicity, democracy and citizenship There is a very close relationship between democracy, citizenship and publicity. In democracy one of the most important aspects is to be accountable to the citizens under the state. It is necessary within the democracy that a person living in it must have a legal right to stay inside the nation if he qualifies all the rules and regulations related with it. Being a citizen under the democracy gives a very enormous amount of rights to the people which they can utilise for living (Beer Burrows, 2013). In democracy the people have to make sure that they have a right to access the things that are going on inside the nation. The more the democratic form of government the more is the chance that there will be transparency. There is false interpretation of that democracy can work with being transparent. Democracy and publicity are part and parcel of each other. This makes the social institutions more accountable as well more significant. The other form of government promotes secrecy over th e transparency. Being a transparent social institution allows people to access the things that are done by the government for its citizens. In democracy the right to live is equal for every citizen and hence provides them valid citizenship. It is to be understood that if the people that are coming under citizenship have powers to participate in the decision making of the whole institute. In a broader sense a democratic citizen have the rights to access all the information regarding working, policy making of the social institutes so they can fight for their interests. The ideals of citizenship, democracy and Publicity It is to be understood that the ideals of all the three helps in the foundation of archives and museums. It a broader context it is understood that whenever any social institution comes up they must be highly democratic especially when they are archives and museums (Nicholson, 2013). Some of the major ideals like the accountability and clarity in whatever being done is the most important thing while development of any social institutions. In the social context the archives and museums are not just the pace where the data is collected rather it is a place where there is representation the cultural and historical background of any state. It is crucial that a museum and archives are accountable to the people and shows whatever they are doing. They are the first places where any details regarding the various things can be found and a probable answer can be taken out (Bearman Lytle, 1985). On the other hand the ideals of democracy act as a starting place for archives as they make these places more open to all and everyone has the rights to access the information that are present in there. These places must give equal right to everyone so that everyone must have the equal access to knowledge (Povinelli, 2011). Apart from this the ideals of citizenship suggests that archives and museums must be open to all the citizens irrespective of who they are. It is to be understood that people can visit to these archives or museums for understanding what their rights are. The things present provide knowledge to the citizens of the country regarding the resources of the country on which they have access to (Kirschenbaum, 2013). The social institutes must record all the data at these places so that people can come and access to the information. This will help them in justifying the ideals of citizenship, democracy and transparency. If the government is not putting the data on the social institutions like archives and museums then they are somehow restricting the people to understand their rights which are not correct in the sense of all the three (David Bearman, Pittsburgh Archives Museum Informatics, 1994). Transition to digital archives In the modern times it was seen that most of the social institutes are getting digitalise. These digital archives are very helpful as to upload and accessing of the data from these platforms can be easier. This can also be justified by the fact that most of the people are today getting connected to the digital archives through the use of digital devices (Hong, Hwang, Hsu, Wong Chen, 2011). Number of people who are connected with such digital mediums are increasing at much faster rate hence people can easily gain knowledge about the required data. The younger generation people do not have time to go for the places like the traditional archives or museums for accessing the data. This kind of transition was going on in all over the world (Purdy, 2011). This has two kinds of benefit; first that it helps in storing the large amount of data at a very small place and second is that it helps in making data easily available for accessing and taking use of. This is highly beneficial for the m useums and archives to get transformed into digital mediums so that they can reach to the larger number of people (Rothenberg, 1995). This will help them in storing a very high quantity of information in a space that takes negligible as compared to the traditional modes of information. It will also smoothen the process of data collection as well as retrieval since uploading and removal of data on these mediums can be easier. Use of digital mediums in such kind of social institution helps in broadening the democracy (Library and archives Canada, 2012). There are two reasons for it. The first is that it helps in speeding up the process of data entry and second is that it can be simultaneously accessed by number of people which cannot be possible in the traditional archives (David Bearman, Pittsburgh Archives Museum Informatics, 1994). Collective management is another aspect of maintain the place so that it is becomes easier to store the data as well as it can updated on regular basis. It is the role of the people associated with such institutions to make sure that they update it on regular basis. Collective management gives more opportunities to such institution to reduce the efforts of the people who are working there as well as that of audience (Bearman, 2007). Collective management and transforming to digital archives helps in facing the challenges that are faced by such social institution. The first and foremost challenges that it helps to tackle is related to the cost cuts since the use of digital technology is cheaper. This will also benefit audience as they are can take use of the services at cheaper rates. Another problem that it solves is about the accessibility. Most of these archives and museums are present in the city areas and hence the people from the villages cannot access to these data in a better manner. Since the connectivity of the digital mediums has reached in foremost places also and hence the people living at these places can easily get access to such type of data. This is more in the interest of democracy as the people from the lower class of the society and from the upper class of the society can easily get access to all the data at the same time. This will also help in the educational mechanism of the country as ever ybody will have access to these data. It is also said many a time that digitalisation deepens the roots of democracy. This is somehow true as the use of digital mediums allows the people to get access to the data that are even fresh. Collective management helps in making this transformation very fast and appropriate (Yang, Chen Yen, 2011). It is to be made sure that which data has to be provided to the people and which is not to be provided. This is due to the reason that transforming to the digital archives has a bigger problem i.e. of security. There are large numbers of system hackers that are present in various parts of the world. These hackers are in search of stealing the data which can be dangerous for such social institutes. This is due to the fact that such social institutes have information related to so many people and any leakage to these data can be an ethical concern. Another part of this is that some hackers are not interested in stealing of the data rather they are more interested in corrupting the data. This kind of security breach can be loss to so many important data (Oliver, Chawner Liu, 2011). It is also not in the interest of people as the data can be tampered and false and hence becomes of no use. The biggest threat attached with it is that this can be done in one go i.e. storing of data can take large amount of time while destroying it can take a very little amount of time. With the use of internet mediums this problem becomes very wide as the loop hole in the whole internet system is larger in numbers. Another challenge that it produces in front of the stakeholder is that the technology is changing at very faster speed and hence they need to make sure that they have sufficient resources to upgrade their systems and networks. If the technology is not upgraded when required then there will chances of failure of the whole system (Xuefang, 2013). There will be requirement of training to the employee so that they can get familiar with the new technologies for updating the data. This will help them in making sure that the transformation does not lead to job cuts which may violate the ethical concerns of the company. Along with this there is another challenge that comes to this is that people that there will be problem in storage of such a large amount of data. If the hardware and software associated with it gets corrupted then there is always a chance that there will be loss of some important data. This can be dangerous for the audience as well as the others associated members. For making the data safe a more formal structure needs to be designed. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that today most of the people have started to use digital mediums for their daily operations. Such kind of people within a state is considered as digital citizens. Democracy is a form of structure where the people comes in the power either directly or by sending their representatives. Citizenship is the legal right that is given to any people to live in a state. Transparency is the concept that helps in making the social institutions more accountable. All the three is having a direct relationship with each other. The ideals of these three acts as a starting point for the social institutions like the archives and museums. It is the need of the time that they convert it in digital archives so that more people can get access to these resources. Along with this opportunity there is a challenge associated with it. This challenge is of being more secured in terms of data protection so that there is no data loss. References Barr, H. (2017). Defining social studies.Teachers and curriculum,1(1). Bearman, D. A. (2007). Moments of risk: identifying threats to electronic records.Archivaria,62. Bearman, D. A., Lytle, R. H. (1985). The power of the principle of provenance.Archivaria,21, 14-27. Beer, D., Burrows, R. (2013). Popular culture, digital archives and the new social life of data.Theory, culture society,30(4), 47-71. Christensen, L. T., Cheney, G. (2014). Peering into transparency: Challenging ideals, proxies, and organizational practices.Communication Theory,25(1), 70-90. Christiano, T. (2018).The rule of the many: Fundamental issues in democratic theory. Routledge. David Bearman, Pittsburgh Archives Museum Informatics, 1994. Chapter. 8. "Documenting Documentation", p. 222-252 (31 p.) David Bearman, Pittsburgh Archives Museum Informatics, 1994. Chapter 9. "Diplomatics, Weberian Bureaucracy, and the Management of Electronic Records in Europe and America", 253-277 (25 p.) Fallis, G. (2011).Multiversities, ideas, and democracy. University of Toronto Press. Hong, J. C., Hwang, M. Y., Hsu, H. F., Wong, W. T., Chen, M. Y. (2011). Applying the technology acceptance model in a study of the factors affecting usage of the Taiwan digital archives system.Computers Education,57(3), 2086-2094. Kirschenbaum, M. (2013). The. txtual Condition: Digital Humanities, Born-Digital Archives, and the Future Literary.DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly,7(1). Library and archives Canada. (2012) Digital archives or archives in a digital world: To be or Not to be. [Online]. Retrieved From: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/news/speeches/Pages/digital-archives-digital-world-remark.aspx. Nicholson, B. (2013). The Digital Turn: Exploring the methodological possibilities of digital newspaper archives.Media History,19(1), 59-73. Oliver, G., Chawner, B., Liu, H. P. (2011). Implementing digital archives: issues of trust.Archival Science,11(3-4), 311-327. Povinelli, E. A. (2011). The woman on the other side of the wall: Archiving the otherwise in postcolonial digital archives.differences,22(1), 146-171. Purdy, J. P. (2011). Three gifts of digital archives.Journal of Literacy and Technology,12(3), 24-49. Rothenberg, J. (1995). Ensuring the longevity of digital documents.Scientific American,272(1), 42-47. Xuefang, Z. S. Z. (2013). Research on the Digital Collaboration Framework D-LAM of Libraries, Archives and Museums in China [J].Information and Documentation Services,4, 014. Yang, W. B., Chen, M. B., Yen, Y. N. (2011). An application of digital point cloud to historic architecture in digital archives.Advances in Engineering Software,42(9), 690-699.

Dillon v. Champion Jogbra Case Study

What are the legal issues in this case study Employment terms and conditions and wrongful termination are the most clear legal issues that are pointed out in this case study. The nature of employment offered by Jogbra is described as at-will employment. This ought to have been expressly communicated.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Dillon v. Champion Jogbra specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Taylor and Emir (2012), argues that such an employment status should be revealed during three critical junctures which are: when applying for the job, when giving the letter of offer and finally in the employee handbook. The company failed to do this and even their employee handbook did not clearly relay this information. When a person is being offered a job it is prudent that the management clearly states the nature of employment, from the case study it is evident that the management at Jogbra failed to avail this informa tion during the hiring process. At the time of the interview, the sales vice president gave the impression it was a long term position and was of the opinion that it would take close to six months to be comfortable with the position, only to reverse this stand and say that within the first ten days the company had taken a new position, her employment would not work out. Janice (2013) notes that by not allowing a worker to perform or continue to perform their duties the worker can be considered victimized by the principal. The attitude of the management can be seen as victimization as they had not given her the time they has estimated it would take for her to get acquainted with the tasks. Dillon was a salaried employee and there are certain procedures that the company had to follow before firing her. The employee handbook described instances when an employee could be fired (Bales, Hirsch and Secunda, 2013). She had not breached any of the company policies and thus the grounds for lo sing her job were not in accordance with company policies leading to a wrongful termination.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Explain what the implied contract was in this case The nature of employment was not expressly communicated by management. Comments made during the interview seemed to imply that the position was long term. The promise for extensive training hinted that the company was ready to develop her skills for its benefit. Employee training and development is costly and companies do not make such investments for the sake of it, rather it is seen as a long term strategic move to create a competitive advantage. When a company takes such deliberate measures to the extent of recalling a predecessor to offer training, it is justified if employees read this as a sign of long term commitment to the company (Taylor and Emir, 2012). Even though the Jogbra offers no e mployment contract and reserves the right to terminate employment at any time this does not mean that it does not offer long term employment opportunities to job seekers. The fact that between 1996 and 1997 the company developed a corrective action procedure as an addition to its employment manual implies that it was working on improving the job security of its employees. The corrective action procedure described an elaborate discipline system that was to be applied in a fair and consistent manner. The human resource manager clearly said that the company could not just fire a person; statements such as these give the impression that employees enjoy a certain degree of job security. It was not wrong for Dillon to expect a certain level of job security after assurances by company management as well as guidelines contained in the employee manual. The company failed to express is employment terms in a clear and unambiguous manner.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Dillon v. Champion Jogbra specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Explain how the employer breached the implied contract From the case study it is evident that Jogbra does not have a definite position when it comes to the security of tenure of its employees. The position it takes is characterized by convenience and self interests. According to Janice (2013), there are general reasons for termination of employment despite the nature of employment. It can be based on the employee’s capabilities and qualifications with regard to the kind of work they are performing, if there are certain restrictions, employee redundancy or their conduct. Dillon’s termination of employment was not based on these general or those specified in the corrective action procedure leading to a breach of contract. At-will agreements provide no restrictions to contracting parties to modify or specify new terms of their agreement (Walsh, 2010). Dillonâ₠¬â„¢s terms of employment could have been easily modified once the management realized that things were not working out. The company’s decision to fire her in December was a breach of implied long term employment tenure. The employment manual cannot be relied on to provide guidance to either the employer or the employee on the status on their employment. Its ambiguity is prone to misinterpretation to suit the needs of the company at the expense of the employees. The management breached its agreement with Dillon when it failed to follow the guidelines as pertains termination of employment. Explain why the disclaimer in the employee manual does not have the effect desired by the employer The disclaimer contained in the employee manual states that policies and procedures stated therein are not part of an employment contract nor are they a sign of commitment to employees regarding how their terms of employment should be handled. To begin with, this disclaimer does not change the fact that at-will agreement are subject to change by either parties (Walsh, 2010). The disclaimer is thus inconsequential should a party to the agreement decide to request a review of terms and conditions.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The disclaimer may not always serve the interests of the employers because many courts in the past have ruled that employee handbook only forms part of an at-will agreements, its contents however are not independent or necessary create contractual obligation or rights. The employee manual thus is a legal document but its contents do not force an employee to fulfill contractual obligations (Bales, Hirsch and Secunda, 2013). The laws of the land rule are more important than company regulations (Janice, 2013). If the disclaimer contravenes the laws of employment or infringes on the rights of employees then it fails to achieve its purpose. Disclaimers given in the employee manual does not affect national employee laws this is why Dillon was able to challenge her dismissal. It should be noted that the contents of employee manual do not prevent an aggrieved party form seeking the court’s intervention. References Bales, A., Hirsch, M., Secunda, M. (2013). Understanding Employment L aw. Ohio: LexisNexis. Janice, N. (2013). Employment law statues 2011-2012. California: Routledge. Taylor, S., Emir, A. (2012). Employment law: an introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Walsh, D. J. (2010). Employment law for human resource practice: 2010 custom edition. Mason, OH: South- Western Cengage Learning. This case study on Dillon v. Champion Jogbra was written and submitted by user Dorothy A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Facts for Dissertation on Microbiology

10 Facts for Dissertation on Microbiology Welcome to our first guide on writing a dissertation on microbiology. This is one of the three guides that will help you along as you compose your dissertation paper. Reading all of these guides would make your dissertation, just the way it should be. Here is what you will learn from each of these guides: In our first guide we discuss substantial facts on microbiology that you’ll be using in your dissertation paper. These facts would make it clear for you to choose a topic/subject that suits you the best. We have also mentioned references for you to double check facts and find more information on a specific topic in case you need more details. In our second guide, 20 dissertation topics of microbiology, you will learn 20 relevant topics that you can choose from and start writing right away. These topics correlate with the facts you’ll read in our first guide – making it a lot easier for you to write your dissertation quickly. We have also included a short sample essay on how a dissertation should be written which will help you understand the basic essay writing concept. In our third and last guide, how to write a good dissertation on microbiology, we will discuss the methodologies, structures and some tips on how you can make your dissertation paper better. This guide is crucial to read. By reading this guide, you can easily compel your professor to admire your hard work. Without further ado, let’s give the word to the facts: The study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, is known as microbiology. It also includes the study of various fundamental responses and clinical aspects of biochemistry, cell biology, ecology, physiology, evolution, and microorganisms. In simple words, anything that is cellular and is found in a micro-scale is a part of microbiology. Microbiology plays an important role in the development and research of the following areas: medicine, agriculture, fundamental research, genetic engineering, environmental science, pharmaceutical industry and food and drink production. It has also played a significant role in the development of modern medicines including life-saving drugs, which help to fight diseases. Microorganisms were generally known to be dangerous. But it was found out later, thanks to microbiology, that only a particular kind of microorganisms, called pathogens, are dangerous because of the ability to cause health issues. In fact, studies have found out that only a few hundreds of microorganisms (out of half a million) are infectious and can cause diseases. This information has changed the perception of microbiologists and the way we see microbiology today. The microscope, a device used to study microorganisms, is said to be invented in the 1590s, however, there is no reliable information on when exactly it was created and by whom. However, historians firmly believe the inventor to be Hans Lippershey, though there seems to be contradictions on this opinion. Nonetheless, there is a physical evidence (a letter) that shows that Zacharias Janssen (son of Lippershey) was also involved in inventing binoculars, microscopes and other related instruments. Did you know that human skin houses trillions of billions of bacteria on it, which our naked eye is unable to see? The study suggests that a square centimeter of our skin is covered by 100,000 bacteria. The majority of those bacterias are critical for our existence. In the year 2000, a group of scientists revealed that they had revived 250-million-year-old bacteria spores. This bacteria were found deep in the Earth, encased in salt crystals. The bacteria were actually in a suspended motion, which scientists are researching right now. This research can lead to many dramatic revelations concerning microorganisms. According to a theory, if 10-12 grams of a single bacterium is allowed to generate within 20 minutes again and again, in two days, it would grow so much that its weight would be 4000 times heavier than Earth’s. As of 2016, there are three kinds of bacteria that can be seen with the naked eye. These are thiomargarita namibiensis, epulopiscium fishelsoni, and beef tapeworm (the largest parasite). These are considered to be the largest single living bacteria. Out of them, thiomargarita namibiensis survives in the depth of ocean. Beef/pork tapeworm aka taenia saginata, is an infectious parasite living in beef and pork. The tapeworm can easily be transmitted to humans if the flesh is undercooked, and isn’t cleansed properly before cooking. This parasite can live up to 30 years in the gut, and can grow as long as 25 feet. Studies have shown no severe side-effects of this parasite living in our body, but in some cases it may lead to a nerve-disorder, known as neurocysticercosis. These cases have only been developed by the pork tapeworm, which is why many doctors are now suggesting not to use pork or to cook it appropriately before consuming it. When micro-creatures were first discovered through the eyes of microscope, they were considered to be created by non-living matter. This theory was known as spontaneous generation, which Charles Darwin spoke of in his theory of evolution. However, the theory was disapproved when Louis Pasteur, a renowned and famous figure in microbiology, discovered yeast production in alcohol. There you have it! We’re sure that these 10 facts will surely be helpful in writing down a stellar dissertation paper on microbiology. You can take a look at the references, mentioned below, which may save your research-time drastically. References: Dr. T. Sundararaj, (2004), â€Å"MICROBIOLOGY, Higher Secondary – First Year† Tamil Nadu Text Book Corporation – Government of Tamilnadu – First Edition.  textbooksonline.tn.nic.in/books/11/std11-microbio-em.pdf Geo F. Brooks, Karen C. Carroll, Janet S. Butel, Stephen A. Morse, Timothy A. Mietzner, (2013) â€Å"Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology† – Twenty Sixth Edition – a LANGE medical book by The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.  http://microbiology.sbmu.ac.ir/uploads/jawetz_2013__medical_miceobiology.pdf Stuart Hogg, (2005) â€Å"Essential Microbiology† The University of Glamorgan, UK – John Wiley and Sons, LTD. Alliance, (2012) â€Å"General Microbiology Fact Sheet† absa.org Microbiology. Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. Retrieved December 21, 2016 from Encyclopedia.com â€Å"Human Tapeworms Facts† Buzzle.com  buzzle.com/articles/human-tapeworm-facts.html Lauren Cox, (2013), â€Å"Who Invented the Microscope?† Livescience  livescience.com/39649-who-invented-the-microscope.html

Socialization in Kindergartens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socialization in Kindergartens - Essay Example (p62) Egertson, on the other hands focuses his attention on the injustices of the shifting of curriculum away from the child-centered approach to academic centered. He agrees with Harry that kindergarten should be a foundation level in which a child is prepared socially, emotionally and physically. This in turn will facilitate child development. He laments the current trends where by adults expectations to the child are given first priority over the interest of the child development. As a result the kindergarten schools have introduced "transition classes" (par.6) that have been both traumatic and disruptive to the child growth and development. Harry noted the expectations of both parents and staff in a Wright School kindergarten. According to the parents and staff, kindergarten experience help the child find an opportunity for physical growth that will satisfy his/her needs for "self expressions". In short the kindergarten experience would provide the child with an opportunity to grow happily and purposely with others... (p62) On the other hand, Egerson sees the parents and kindergarten staff expectations as the prime reason why the kindergarten curriculum keeps on shifting. This he argues has compromised the child socio-psychological development at kindergarten level. Egertson argues that, socialization process in a kindergarte... He further emphasis that, the responsibility of developing the child development oriented curriculum lays in the hands adults (parents and Staff). According to Harry, as much as parents and staff of Wright school agree with this, the parents and school have a responsibility to tailor a kindergarten environment in order to help the kids to develop a socially acceptable behavior. The goal of kindergarten school should be to help children "grow" in all ways: physically, emotionally, socially and academically. (p62) Harry observed that, teaching and learning of classroom routines is the main element of the student role. Kindergarten teachers spend almost the first half of the year in training the children to follow routines which teachers create. Children are drilled to tasks and activities created by teachers. These tasks and activities have to be done rigidly and repeatedly until the child knows exactly what he/she is supposed to do. (p63). Egerson notes the same trend when he argues that, most of parents view the kindergarten as the transition level where the child is prepared for higher grades. This he says have made some parents to delay their children until they acquire certain age that they deem is appropriate for their children to perform well. Harry was concerned with the lack of full involvement of children in formulating the tasks and activities. According to her, all the activities she observed in the Wright school which applies to other kindergarten schools were made by adults for the children. She was particularly concerned with the way children were made to follow familiar sounds during singing rather than helping the children follow familiar words in the "my country song". (p66). Though, this method

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework - 15

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example of helping the organization to fulfill its objectives and also by improving patient healthcare outcomes by treating them when they come to the hospital to seek healthcare attention. Secondly, I affirm nurses by giving them different responsibilities according to their qualifications, experience and capability. Giving them these responsibilities and trusting them to fulfill them is an important aspect of how I affirm them. Giving them my trust helps them develop confidence in work and helps them fulfill these responsibilities with utmost care and professionalism. I also affirm them by motivating them and acknowledging them when they do something successfully. For example, I have established a system that rewards the most hardworking nurses. This shows that I affirm hard work in them and that when they work hard, they will be appreciated. Another important way that I use to affirm nurses is through speaking to individual nurses directly when they make mistakes or do not take their responsibilities seriously in the hospital. By doing this, they understand that wrongdoing is not tolerated in the hospital and that responsibility is key to excellent nurse service and the nursing profession (Trastek, Hamilton & Niles, 2014). When my coworkers talk about me, they say that I am a professional, strict but understanding individual and leader. They say that I am strict because I do not tolerate substandard work and I am specific when it comes to checking the work done for perfection. They say that I do not have two ways about doing work in proper ways and that I always ensure that the laid down rules are followed at work by all means. They also state that I do not let personal issues influence my decisions at work. They also state that despite the fact that I am strict, I am an understanding person. This is the case because if something happens and there are proper reasons for that happening, then we work to rectify the issue instead of engaging in blame games that do not

Paper on Music in Times of Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Paper on Music in Times of Conflict - Essay Example escalated over the years as it used its massive firepower, advanced technology, and huge manpower to suppress Vietcongs, who were mostly farmers armed with recoilless rifles (â€Å"Enemy’s Weapons†). Until now, Americans are divided in their sentiments about the war (Schroeder). This may have been because U.S. involvement did not bring any substantial change to Vietnam. It only caused America to lose â€Å"58,000 lives and billions of tax dollars† (Schroeder). The Vietnam War began in 1963 and ended in 1975. â€Å"Machine Gun† by Jimi Hendrix was first performed in a concert on New Year’s Eve of 1970 (Perone 62). It is likely that the song was composed in the closing months of 1969. Hence, it was composed during the war. 1969 is also the year when the number of U.S. military personnel in Vietnam reached its peak and the year when My Lai Massacre, a massacre of 504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians, was revealed (â€Å"Vietnam War Timeline†). The 1960s was a decade when music has become very political. There was no other period in music history when it embraced politics more closely as it did in the 1960s (Hopkins 255). Jimi Hendrix was among those musicians who expressed their political sentiments through their craft. There is no record on how it affected Vietnam War politically. However, several researchers attest that it did affect public sentiment towards the war. Westergaard, describing Hendrix’s guitar solo during the performance, says it is â€Å"the most devastating guitar solo ever† (qtd. in Perone 62)—hinting at the feeling of war terror it gave to listeners and the dismantling of pro-war sentiments on some. In reference to the My Lai Massacre, Hopkins writes that during the performance, sounds like â€Å"dive-bombing planes and Vietnamese women shrieking at the sight of their children’s deaths† were heard by the audience (255). Such effect on the audience is likely to have ar oused or increased anti-war sentiments among Americans. As the lyrics implies,

Mowing Robert Frost Analysis

Mowing Robert Frost Analysis Mowing is a lyric poem written by Robert Frost in the year 1913. Like many other poets achieve that Frost does not, they talk about their imagination or something that they are wondering. Frost on the other hand expands his poetry into discussion about real life, and real situations. Just as it says in lines seven and eight, It was no dream of the gift of idle hours, or easy gold at the hand of fay or elf. Just as it declares, it is not a dream; it is real life reflecting that what he is doing is not easy. It is hard labor but yet he sticks it out and keeps working. Using the fourteen line method like the sonnet, Mowing does not pursue the same rhyme scheme. Instead Frost makes up his own. His rhyme scheme consists of a pattern of ABC ABD ECD GEH GH. Rhythm found here is that of the lines containing about the same number of syllables as each other. The lines are not of different syllables such as one line being 20 syllables and another being five. They are all around the same number which keeps the poem flowing smoothly. And all throughout this poem there is alliteration found. There are numerous words with the W, N, and D sounds. But on the other hand there are no similes or metaphors found in this poem. Mowing does not use a good amount of diction. But in some places it does, are examples like idle hours, and feeble-pointing spikes. All the other words are words such as heat, whisper, weak, laid, and scared, which could be spiced up to more complex words, since this poem is written by a professional. Meter, also used in this spectacular poem, contains unstressed and stressed syllables, with only five stressed syllables in apiece line. The scythe in some cases may be referring to reality or how hot it is outside; this may be a sign of why exactly the scythe is whispering. Personification is prearranged to the scythe with the whispering it does. But the author does not know precisely what the scythe is whispering. This gives Frosts poem reason for the reader to keep reading. And even at the finish of the poem neither the reader nor the author know what the scythe was whispering. If the author was to give us a clear hint on what the scythe was saying, there would be no point to the poem. This is engaging the reader to establish and think outside the box and make their own reason for the scythe to make a sound. Also in the poem there are no clear sounds that reflect. The only sound that is reputable is the sound of the scythe swaying back and forth as the character works. So this gives the reader another reason to keep reading and ponder how the scythe resembles something that is untold. The scythes earnest love may n ot always mean love; it may signify destruction at some points. The reason for this is when the scythe scares off the snake. This is an example of personification because the scythe does not experience real love. It is just an expression on how the author is trying to explain the poem. Mowing, told in first person by Robert Frost, since he does not use his imagination to try to explain situations, stops using his own imagination and goes back to talking about the natural evidence. He is leaving it up to the audience to figure out what the scythe is whispering. The theme exemplified here may be the emotions of love. This love immediately turns into death with the beheading of flowers and scaring the snakes off. But since Frost advises his poems in the aspects of real life and not the aspect of dreams or his imagination, this poem clearly represents his absolute love for nature. Even though he may not be doing what he loves, such as working in the field with a scythe on a scorching hot day, he still enjoys the fact of being outside in Gods creation and glorifying what he sees and encounters. Just as the theme, the mood resembled in Mowing is love. The author wants his audience to enjoy what he is feeling. He wants them to feel what he is feeling and to enjoy what he is enjoying. Such as being out in the hot sun all day and plain out enjoy the creation around them. He is saying enjoy it while it lasts because eventually it will come to an end. The tone the author is trying to express most of all is satisfaction. Even though he is not doing what he really wants to do, he is taking his time into effect and making the better use of it. Also, the author is trying to make his consultation feel guilt or some-what sorry for him because he starting his poem off by saying how there was no sound except for the sound of the scythe swaying back and forth against the hay. There was not even the sound of wind except for what the scythe was making. At the beginning of the poem, the author expresses not necessarily the problems of what he is doing or what is going on around him, but telling what exactly is going on in the poem. The first eight lines is where he expresses himself with that there was lack of sound, with the only sound being the wind of the scythe moving back and forth through the hay. Another thing he complains about is the heat. But at the same time he is praising that he is enjoying nature while in this devastating heat. And at the end of the poem the author is saying that this poem is not a dream but real life. And eventually the authors work is done and it is now time to go home and rest because he is very tired from a hard days work. And left my scythe to make means precisely that. He is done with his work and is going home to rest until the next day when he fills the same routine. Mowing is an exceptional poem that resembles the way we should live our life. Even though life may be hard, keep moving on becaus e at the end of the day, there will be something that you will rejoice and be thankful for. Mowing is a poem that teaches his audience about not giving up and pursuing with what they were meant to do and be thankful that they have the ability to do it. Robert Frosts poetry deals with the art of loving what is set before you and not complaining and most of all, relating it to real life and teaching a lesson.

European Colonialism and Imperialism Essay -- Politics Government

How were the Europeans able to conquer and control large areas of the globe? What gave them a great advantage over other groups? The proximate cause of this advantage was their possession of guns, germs, and steel. But how is it that they possessed these things and others did not? Ultimate causes of the Europeans possession of these guns, germs, and steel could be â€Å"Divine Providence.† People at the time thought that God favored the Europeans over other groups. Another ultimate cause could have been â€Å"Scientific Racism.† Other people believed that the Europeans were genetically superior to the other regions of the world. Now, because of Jared Diamond’s thesis, we can conclude that the ultimate cause of European colonialism and imperialism was â€Å"Geographic Luck.† One of the main reasons for European colonialism and imperialism was the axis and climate zones. Having a long east-west axis results in the same climate zone and same day lengths. Crops are spread easily on an east-west axis because, moving east to west, there isn’t much change in weather. This gave Eurasia an advantage because there was a large mass of crops spread east to west. There was also a lot of fighting in that area which spread ideas and technology through the conquering of other regions. The Americas had a disadvantage because they had a long north-south axis. In a long north-south axis, there are many different climate zones. In the Americas, the groups were isolated and ideas rarely spread among one another. There were more domesticated crops in Eurasia because of this east-west axis, and in the Americas the crops were not spread as much because of the change in climate zones throughout the north-south axis. Eurasia also had a great advantage when it came to... ...very separated by the geography, but China was just one area making it easy to have only one ruler. Europe was able to conquer and control large areas of the globe because of Jared Diamond’s theory of â€Å"Geographic Luck.† God did not favor them more and their race was not genetically superior. Geographic luck is still affecting the world today. Trade is affected greatly, as well as the political unity in different countries. If everyone knew about this theory, I think the world would work together more. I think that more people would help the people who had a disadvantage because of the geography around them. Religions might also be affected if everyone knew about this theory. Some people may blame God for the way they live, but really God didn’t favor anyone. Wealth and the power in different societies that we have now I think are affected by the geography. European Colonialism and Imperialism Essay -- Politics Government How were the Europeans able to conquer and control large areas of the globe? What gave them a great advantage over other groups? The proximate cause of this advantage was their possession of guns, germs, and steel. But how is it that they possessed these things and others did not? Ultimate causes of the Europeans possession of these guns, germs, and steel could be â€Å"Divine Providence.† People at the time thought that God favored the Europeans over other groups. Another ultimate cause could have been â€Å"Scientific Racism.† Other people believed that the Europeans were genetically superior to the other regions of the world. Now, because of Jared Diamond’s thesis, we can conclude that the ultimate cause of European colonialism and imperialism was â€Å"Geographic Luck.† One of the main reasons for European colonialism and imperialism was the axis and climate zones. Having a long east-west axis results in the same climate zone and same day lengths. Crops are spread easily on an east-west axis because, moving east to west, there isn’t much change in weather. This gave Eurasia an advantage because there was a large mass of crops spread east to west. There was also a lot of fighting in that area which spread ideas and technology through the conquering of other regions. The Americas had a disadvantage because they had a long north-south axis. In a long north-south axis, there are many different climate zones. In the Americas, the groups were isolated and ideas rarely spread among one another. There were more domesticated crops in Eurasia because of this east-west axis, and in the Americas the crops were not spread as much because of the change in climate zones throughout the north-south axis. Eurasia also had a great advantage when it came to... ...very separated by the geography, but China was just one area making it easy to have only one ruler. Europe was able to conquer and control large areas of the globe because of Jared Diamond’s theory of â€Å"Geographic Luck.† God did not favor them more and their race was not genetically superior. Geographic luck is still affecting the world today. Trade is affected greatly, as well as the political unity in different countries. If everyone knew about this theory, I think the world would work together more. I think that more people would help the people who had a disadvantage because of the geography around them. Religions might also be affected if everyone knew about this theory. Some people may blame God for the way they live, but really God didn’t favor anyone. Wealth and the power in different societies that we have now I think are affected by the geography.

The Science of Shopping

Caution! An anxietytriggers in your brain signaling the entry of new arrivals in the mall, an outcry for shoppers all around to come to the mall and buy the latest stuff designer/manufacturers have to offer claiming it is only a limited stock variety. The customer scout out the shop which is the most crowded considering it has the best to offer, he/she move in start sweeping by the items, trying to find what reflects your style and communicates your attitude towards the observers. The customers perceive what your fellow shoppers are purchasing or showing interest in and compare their selection with your choice and taste. Thesis statement: The purchasing behavior in the united states in America and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The different ways of how they purchase and make their decisions while buying things. What modes they use? Body: The most common trend in the United States is that most of the people go out and window shop. They waste their time doing nothing, just hang out with friends and family and go through most of the shops and end up buying in small quantities. Most of the American society believes in online shopping. Then why do the women in Saudi Arabia have to stay in some constraints while going out for shopping? Thus in the Saudi Arabia the buying behavior of the female gender is totally different when it comes to clothes. They have to stay within the constraints they are living in. According to Norton â€Å"the mall is a favorite subject for the laments of cultural conservatives and others critical of the culture of consumption. † (Norton, 105) However in America there are no such limits. People can buy whatever they want. They have no constraints. Therefore this is the main difference in the buying behavior of both the countries. One can see people of different buying behavior, different race, and different cultures in the shopping malls. Do the people in Saudi Arabia believe in window shopping? Or do they prefer window shopping? For the people of Saudi Arabia window shopping is wastage of time. KSA shopping style is more related to direct item shopping, the customer shops what the customer want and leave, spend time skipping shops, but as soon as the customer get what he wants he leave. Thus in America the uying behavior is rational. The main focus of the American buyer is the features and benefits of the product. Therefore the retailer has to keep in mind different things. As the mall is a public place and people from different parts of the world come there, so it becomes offensive for the public, if the retailer or any customer brings up or says anything which offends any race or culture. According to Norton â€Å"Controversial displays, by stores or customers or the plethora of organizations and agencies that present themselves in the open spaces of the mall, are not permitted. (Norton, 105) Thus they should be careful while putting anything on display keeping in mind that the mall is a public place and there are some limits and boundaries they should keep in mind. Conclusion: The purchasing of behavior totally depends on our culture and belief system. The sellers and retailers display things according to the want and culture of different people. They study their behavior and make alternations accordingly. It is the consumer who tells the seller or retailer how to attract them. The make and provide products for every gender and age of the society. KSA shopping has displays of the most expensive and fancy stuff hanging as a customer grabber. They even put up gold plated items in display to grab the customer by need or greed. USA shopping has displays with new arrivals as well as old running stock, their display of attention gathering is purely based on shoppers intention, whether they want to buy it or not,. The retailer can’t force a customer to shop at your place. This shopping trend shows well known respectable brands have the most sales because of trust.

Child Factors Essay

The first child factor that was found out to be the source of challenging Behavior is Temperament (Douglas, 1989, p. 3). Bates 1980 as cited from Douglas (1989, p. 3-4) have defined temperament as having a â€Å"constitutional basis†, in addition, such a behavior is perceived to appear even in early childhood, and could even persist on the latter part of one’s life. In addition, it is perceived as to be one of the â€Å"definable characteristics of the individual† and finally, is greatly affected by the environment. Thomas et al (1968) and Thomas and Chess (1977) as cited from Douglas (1989, p.4) claimed that there are two types of temperamental characteristics in children. The first is the difficult temperament child and the second is the easy temperament child (p. 5). The first cluster involves children who are â€Å"negative in mood, avoid/withdraw, non-rhythmical and settle slowly† (Douglas, 1989, p. 5). On the other hand, easily temperament children are more â€Å"positive in mood, approach new events and people, rhythmical in schedule and adjust quickly to new surroundings (p. 5). In addition with this, the temperamental difficulty has been viewed by the research of Thomas et al (1983) as cited from Douglas (1989, p.5) as something that is biological in nature, as it has been perceived as part of a child’s biological make up. However, criticisms emerge if such a temperamental behavior indeed stem out of the child’s biology or is a result of the mother’s perception among the child. Tomas et al has claimed that there might be a so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecies† that mothers bestow among their children, every time that they perceive their child as badly tempered; most especially on the early days of childhood (Bates, 1980 as cited from Douglas, 1989, p. 4-5).

How Temp affects rate of react essays

How Temp affects rate of react essays In this investigation I am trying to find out how the temperature of water affects the reaction rate between amylase and starch. The thing that I am going change are the temperature of water, which are 10Â ° C, 20Â ° C, 30Â ° C, 40Â ° C, 50Â ° C. The things I will measure are the colour of the mixture in the present of iodine each minute until it stays a constant brown. I researched this information in a previous lesson in which we did the experiment at one temperature and timing the amount of amylase to break down the starch. Amylase, a carbohydrase found in saliva, works best in slightly alkaline conditions at a pH of about 7.5. I think this information applies to everyday life because it gives us the information about what temperature starch is used in our body. I predict that the 40C experiment will be the fastest to breakdown the starch into sugar. The scientific reasons why I think this might be is because 37C is our bodies temperature and analyse is a biological enzyme in our body so it would work best at 37C. However, as I do not know how amylase will react at a higher temp and I know that any temp below around 40C works slower so I think that it will be faster at the highest temperature. 2) Fill beaker with 200ml water at the specified temperature 3) Put 5ml starch, 1ml amylase into test-tube and place in water 5) While waiting for 1st minute fill spotting tile with iodine 6) At the each minute interval fill one spot to see colour using pipette 7) Repeat until colour does not change 8) Try again for different temperatures I will take measurements every minute. I will make them accurate by carrying out t ...

How you have applied your prior learning at HND Business studies level Essay

How you have applied your prior learning at HND Business studies level in your work - Essay Example from society or behaviour or family. I have achieved Higher National Diploma in 1984 as the result of my study during the span of 1982-84 from Thames Valley University, which is presumed to be the number 1 modern university of London (Thames Valley University, n.d.). The study of HND has been of great help me in the long career of mine. The modules that I studied in the course, way back in 1982 to 1984 always had its real life applications. The modules that were part of the course included economic geography, organisation and human relations, accounting and information systems, international business environment and business and society. Also, the Higher National Diploma had the subjects like buyer behaviour, marketing and the market research, travel and tourism and personnel management. The knowledge that I received in the yearly days of my career helped me lot to shape the future course of action. At the very outset of my career, I had the opportunity to work with the famous ice cream brand, Walls. Though, the job that I was engaged with was really not that significant for such a brand of repute, yet my knowledge and application of Higher National Diploma helped me to soon get promoted. I joined the ice-cream house as the phone sales person. But soon with my flair for the job along with my knowledge in buyer behaviour and aspects of marketing, I over achieved the target and got promoted to the office administration. In the administration of Walls, which is now a subsidiary of the Unilever, I continued for couple of years (Unilever, n.d.). In the mean time, I had an offer from a pub for the post of assistant manager. I presumed the offer to be better than the job that I was into both in terms of monetary benefits and as well as authorities and responsibilities. So, I went for the job of the assistant manager at the pub. Being Assistant Manager at the pub, I could experience wide range of activities. It also helped at developing the managerial skills

Kant and the critique of metaphysics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kant and the critique of metaphysics - Essay Example The Critique of Pure Reason appeared in 1781, and the two major works such as, the Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (1785) and the Critique of Practical Reason (1787) are the foundation of ethics.The speculative or pure reason sometimes ruled out the role and importance of reason in this guise. Kant's purpose in the Critique of Pure Reason is to establish the scope and power of reason (Kant, 1929). The reason is treated in terms of the 'conditions of possible experience' or the 'conditions of the possible cognition of objects.' The key issue for Kant in the first Critique is the nature and capacity of reason itself. Before we can consider God, however, Kant argues that we must discover the proper scope of reason, as only then can we discover our capacity to deal with the notion of God or anything else. The pure reason is therefore central not only to his view of knowledge, but also to his view of God (Gogan). Moreover, all judgments are either analytic or synthetic, and either a priori or a posteriori in the view of Kant. Analytic judgments are those in which the predicate inheres in the subject or is presupposed by it (Kant, 1929). The order of nature in reason was located by Kant. The reason does for the understanding what understanding does for the manifold of intuition - "the understanding is an object for reason, just as sensibility is for the understanding.†(Kant, KRV, A664/B692). Reason's regulative capacity renders the unconditioned totality of objects systematic. There are three ideas of reason: self, world and God. God is the Ideal of Reason, whose concept aims . . . at complete determination in accordance with a priori rules. Accordingly it thinks for itself an object which it regards as being completely determinable in accordance with principles (Kant, KRV, A571/B599), that is, in accordance with universal a priori cognition. This ideal of the ens realissimum, of the universal concept of a reality in general, is then thought of as contai ning the being of all beings. But as an idea of reason, the ens realissimum is never met with in appearances. The Ideal of Reason does not satisfy the transcendental conditions and so cannot be considered objectively real. As such, Kant holds that the existence of God cannot be proved by speculative reason. Kant argues that there are three, and only three, possible ways in which speculative reason can argue for the existence of God, characterized as the Ideal of Reason. But all fail to prove God's existence (Kant, KRV, A571/B599). Reason, according to Kant's analysis, can attempt to prove God's existence by either an empirical or a transcendental path, both of which involve going beyond the scope of reason to the transcendental concept (Kant, KRV, A590/B618). In the Critique, however, Kant has refined his notion of possibility. He distinguishes between the form of possibility and the matter of possibility. Kant distinguishes this from the 'Ideal of Reason', which supplies the notion of an 'archetype' or individual ground for systematization (Kant, KRV, A699IB727). This too must be seen as only regulative, as it has no content, that is, 'God' does not correspond to the concept of God. It is the regulative ideal of nature that makes possible the unity of nature itself. The Ideal of nature, as regulative, has a purely methodological status. The Critique of Pure Reason, then, moves God out of the realm of ontology and into that of epistemology. The concept of God is involved in cognition, but is merely an analogical image. From the standpoint of speculative reason, God has no objective reality. Yet Kant posits two types of reality, the cognitive and the moral. These two points of view are tied together by reason. The concept of sensation is not simply a negative boundary to stop us

The Contribution of Theodore Roosevelt to the issue of conservation Essay

The Contribution of Theodore Roosevelt to the issue of conservation - Essay Example ment and thus put the set aside conservation area under protection in order to protect and conserve the different species that were there of nature (Brinkley 56). As a result of the love he had for the environment and its conservation, he not only set aside land and ensured the protection of the species but also developed some of the farmlands in the Westside of America that were near natural resources in a bid to also protect them for not only the then current generation but also the future ones. The fruits of his hard work in conservation are still being experienced up to date. In order to ensure that his conservation legacy stays for long, he put his environmental conservation ideas and wishes to writing. These included even conservation of the soil, water, forests and even the areas of recreation. He used his presidential influence to build up other environmental conservatives and conservation groups and hence became a role model. The next presidents after him also became challenged and hence bid to continue his legacy. This included even Presidents Carter and

Obsession gone wrong Essay Example for Free

Obsession gone wrong Essay It is often said â€Å"there’s a thin line between genius and insanity†. From Einstein with his shaggy hair and stuck-out tongue to Archimedes running about the street naked shouting â€Å"eureka! † after making a discovery, one can’t help but agree with whoever made that statement. Mary Shelley, Nathaniel Hawthorne, John Steinbeck and Jeremy Bernstein all wrote stories of scientists who were all geniuses – they all had devoted years of study into their fields. Yet, some of them acted irrationally without considering the consequences of their actions (Frankenstein; Aylmer), some did things against their nature (Frankenstein; Phillips), and you couldn’t help but question the sanity of others (the narrator in Bubble and Squeak; Aylmer). In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein was â€Å"forced to spend days and nights in vaults and charnel-houses†. Of course, no one forced him to– he was driven by the ambition to discover the source of life. And when he did, an even greater ambition drove him – to create and give life to a human being and eventually, â€Å"a new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me†. To make this dream a reality, he subjected himself to many experiences that the next human would find extremely repulsive and disgusting. In his own words, â€Å"†¦often did my human nature turn with loathing from my occupation. † But the ambition always overpowered his human nature. A beautiful summer came and passed, but he was too busy with his studies to notice. He had also lost touch with his family and friends, even though he knew his father would be anxious. It was telling on him, too. He had become emaciated, and many sleepless nights had his eyes bulging from their sockets. He deteriorated to the extent that he became a nervous, solitary wreck, and a fever came upon him every night. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his book â€Å"The Birthmark† said the scientific hero Aylmer had â€Å"devoted himself too unreservedly to scientific studies to be weaned from them by any second passion. His love for his young wife might prove the stronger of the two, but it could only be by intertwining itself with his love for science and uniting the strength of the latter to his own. † Aylmer had a young, beautiful wife; unfortunately Georgiana had a tiny flaw on her face, which made her imperfect in his sight. From then on, his obsession was to get rid of the birthmark from her face, and he had come to hate it so much that the sight of it made him shudder. Other men saw the birthmark and saw beauty and charm, Aylmer saw it and saw a defect, a representation of all imperfections. Even Aminadab, Aylmer’s lab assistant, said that â€Å"if she were my wife, I’d never part with that birthmark. † Because the birthmark was in the shape of a tiny hand, it was often remarked that it was the print of a fairy’s hand on her cheek, which made her â€Å"hold such sway over all hearts. † However, Aylmer was a man of science, and most likely did not believe in fairies and all the whatnot, and so he considered the birthmark as â€Å"a frightful object, causing him more trouble and horror than Georgiana’s beauty, whether of soul or sense, had given him delight. † In other words, his horror at the birthmark for making Georgiana imperfect became stronger than his appreciation of Georgiana’s beauty. Further along in the story, Aylmer became extremely devoted into creating a mixture to get rid of the birthmark that he secluded his wife. Once, Georgiana followed him into his lab and was frightened, not by the scientific apparatus, but by what she saw of her husband. â€Å"He was pale as death, anxious and absorbed. † Georgiana once wondered if she could satisfy him, and realized that she couldn’t, as â€Å"his spirit was ever on the march, ever ascending, and each instant required something that was beyond the scope of the instant before. † Dr Phillips in John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Snake† was a man who â€Å"could kill a thousand animals for knowledge, but not an insect for pleasure. † He had no problem with killing for study, as was shown when he was petting cats and feeding them in one minute, and in the next put one of them into a killing chamber for biology classes. His research about the starfish also shows that. But we know killing animals is not in his nature when he â€Å"felt that it was profoundly wrong to put a rat into the [rattlesnake’s] cage, deeply sinful† when the strange woman asked him to feed the snake. It was something he did regularly himself, when he needed to feed the snakes, but because the snake had already had its rat for the week, Dr Phillips felt sickened. Probably because he felt the rat was going to die for no reason. For science, Dr Phillips went against his nature. Jeremy Bernstein’s â€Å"Bubble and Squeak† is the story of a mathematician who had become so analytical it was comical. For example, normal people emphasize the scariness of ghosts in ghost stories; instead, he tries to explain ghosts as apparitions caused by atmospheric densities. He always tried to draw a mathematical and scientific parallel to everything he saw. He calculated probabilities of events, and even wondered if it was possible to measure feelings. What these four scientific heroes had in common was obsession. Victor Frankenstein’s obsession was to become a creator of humans; Aylmer’s obsession was perfection, as expressed by wanting to get rid of his wife’s birthmark; Dr Phillips numbed his nature for the study of science, he was obsessed with biology; and the narrator in Bubble and Squeak had become too mathematical and scientific for his own good. Science in its nature is rather addictive. The more you discover, the more you want to discover – It’s like a never quenching thirst for knowledge. In the words of Victor Frankenstein, â€Å"†¦ in a scientific pursuit there is a continual food for discovery and wonder. † It is as a result of this persistent pursuit of science that many inventions that we take for granted today, the same inventions we can’t imagine living without, were created. However, the danger is in letting our pursuit of knowledge or any other thing control us, such that we do things that are against our nature, or fail to appreciate the simple pleasures of life. As Victor Frankenstein eventually learnt, â€Å"A human being in perfection ought always to preserve a calm and peaceful mind and never to allow passion or a transitory desire to disturb his tranquility. I do not think that the pursuit of knowledge is an exception to this rule. If the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections and to destroy your taste for those simple pleasures in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is unlawful, that is to say, not benefitting the human mind. † (Shelley 40) SADE MABA HUM 101 WORK CITED: Lynch, Robert; Swanzey, Thomas and Coakley, John. The Example of Science. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2003. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 30th ed. New York: New American Library, Penguin Group (USA) Inc. , 2000.

What are the Impact of Brain Injuries?

What are the Impact of Brain Injuries? What Brain Injuries do to People and how their brain is affected? The body is a very unique thing. It has so many parts and so many different actions that it does. The body is made up of several systems. The circulatory system is the bodys transport system. It is made up of different organs that specialize in transporting blood all over the body. The digestive system on the other hand breaks down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which allow body to repair, grow, and create energy. However, the endocrine system produces hormones which are ultimately messengers in the body. When youre sick there is a system that helps with getting you better and preventing it. The immune system is our bodys defense system against infections and diseases. There are many more systems that all do great things for the body, but I believe that the most important system is the nervous system. The nervous system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. It is hands down one of the most important systems in your body. The nervous system is your bodys control center. It sends, receives, and processes impulses throughout the body. These impulses tell your muscles and organs how and when to respond to certain situations. There are three parts of your nervous system that work together: the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. These three systems within the nervous system have different objectives and checklists that they do. Thecentral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. This system sends out impulses and analyzes information, which then tells your brain about the things you hear, smell, feel, taste and see. Some may say that the central nervous system is the most important system in the nervous system, because of the five senses. What most people dont realize is that the autonomic nervous system regulates actions, such as heart beats and digestion. Then you have the peripheral nervous system includes the craniospinal nerves that branch off from the brain and the spinal cord. It carries the impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles. With all these actions it leads me to believe that the nervous system and even more so the brain might have the most impact on your life besides your heart.[1] The beginning of anyones life starts when we are in the whom. No one remembers this because the brain isnt developed yet. The brain begins developing at the fifth week of pregnancy the brain grows at an amazing steady rate during development. At times during brain development, 250,000 neurons are added every minute! At birth, a persons brain will have almost all the neurons that it will ever have or need. The brain continues to grow for a few years after a person is born. By the age of 2 years old, the brain is about 80% of the adult size.[2] You may wonder, How does the brain continue to grow, if the brain has most of the neurons it will get when you are born? The answer is in glial cells. Glia cells are continually dividing and multiplying. Glia cells carry out important functions for normal brain functions, including insulating nerve cells with myelin. The neurons in the brain also make several new connections after birth. The nervous system develops from embryonic tissue called the ectoderm. The first sign of the developing nervous system is a neural plate that can barely be seen on the 16th day of development. Over the next few days, a trench is formed in the neural plate. This could create a neural groove. By the 21st day of development, a neural tube is formed. This occurs only when the edges of the neural groove meet. The front part of the neural tubes goes on to develop into the brain and the rest developed into the spinal cord. As babies grow and become born the best thing you can do for a kid is put him or her in the best environment to continue to develop the brain. A childs brain develops rapidly during the first five years of life, especially the first three years. It is a time of rapid cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional and motor development. For example, a child learns many words starting at around 15-18 months. Rapid language learning continues into the preschool years. The childs brain grows as she or he sees, feels, tastes, smells and hears. Each time the child uses one of the senses, a neural connection is made in the childs brain. New experiences repeated many times help make new connections, which shape the way the child thinks, feels, behaves and learns now and in the future.[3] A close relationship between a child and a parent is the best way to get the best growth in a childs brain. When a parent plays with or sings, speaks, reads or tells a story to the child while nurturing him or her. Add in some healthy food and love and affection, and the childs brain grows. Being healthy and interacting with parents and living in a safe and clean environment can make the biggest difference in a childs growth and development. Babies need lots of care and affection in the early stages of a childs life. By holding, cuddling and talking to the child, you stimulate brain growth and promote emotional development. Being kept close to the mother and breastfed on demand provide the infant with a sense of emotional security. The baby needs both nutrition and comfort. As childrens brains develop, so do their emotions, which can be very misleading and powerful. Children may become frustrated if they are unable to do something, kind of like anyone and everyone, or cant have something they want. They are often frightened by strangers or unfamiliar people and places, new situations or the dark. Children whose reactions are laughed at, punished or ignored may grow up shy and unable to express emotions normally. If parents are patient and sympathetic when a child expresses strong emotions, the child is more likely to grow up happy, and feel secure. Boys and girls have the same physical, mental, emotional and social needs. Both have the same capacity for learning. Both have the same need for affection, attention and approval. Young children can experience excessive stress if they are physically or emotionally punished, are exposed to violence, are neglected or abused, or live in families with mental illness, such as depression or substance abuse. These stresses interfere with the developing brain and can lead to cognitive, social and emotional delays and behavior problems in childhood and later in life. The best way to raise a kid or developed a kid is putting them in situations to succeed as young as being newborn. As kids grow up what is the first thing people usually put their kids into, sports right. Well sports are super fun and great until injuries happen. Everyone worries about their kid getting injured or hurt. So, how should parents go about sports? What age should we start them? What will happen if they get injured and its bad? Well there are several different ways to go about it. The most effective way is to just be careful and trust what you think is right. Everyone is different and some kids are ready and matured for sports at age four where as some maybe not until six. This has nothing to do with the fact that who is better and who fits the look of being an athlete. Some kids just dont mature as fast so they are a little weaker and smaller. If this is the case maybe you hold off on sports until six. The worst thing that could happen to anyone is getting a head injury. There are five main types of head injuries. Concussion, contusion, coup-countercoup, Diffuse Axonal, penetration are the most common types of injuries all of which have different effects bad different injuries that come with them. A Diffuse Axonal Injury can be caused by shaking or strong rotation of the head, as with Shaken Baby Syndrome, or by rotational forces, such as with a car accident.[4] Injury occurs because the unmoving brain lags behind the movement of the skull, causing brain structures to tear. There is extensive tearing of nerve tissue throughout the brain. This can cause brain chemicals to be released, causing additional injury. The tearing of the nerve tissue disrupts the brains regular communication and chemical processes. This disturbance in the brain can produce temporary or permanent widespread brain damage, coma, or death. A person with a diffuse axonal injury could present a variety of functional impairments depending on where the shearing (tears) occurred in th e brain. A concussion is the most common injury that people think of. Its the most common head injury in sports. A concussion can be caused by direct blows to the head, gunshot wounds, violent shaking of the head, or force from a whiplash type injury. Both closed and open head injuries can produce a concussion. A concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. A concussion is caused when the brain receives trauma from an impact or a sudden momentum or movement change. The blood vessels in the brain may stretch and cranial nerves may be damaged. A person may or may not experience a brief loss of consciousness (not exceeding 20 minutes). A person may remain conscious, but feel dazed. A concussion may or may not show up on a diagnostic imaging test, such as a CAT scan. Skull fracture, brain bleeding, or swelling may or may not be present. Therefore, concussion is sometimes defined by exclusion and is considered a complex neurobehavioral syndrome.[5] A concussion can cause diffuse axonal type injury resulting in permanent or temporary damage. [6]It may take a few months to a few years for a concussion to heal. A contusion can be the result of a direct impact to the head. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding on the brain. Large contusions may need to be surgically removed. Coup-Countercoup Injury describes contusions that are both at the site of the impact and on the complete opposite side of the brain. This occurs when the force impacting the head is not only great enough to cause a contusion at the site of impact, but also is able to move the brain and cause it to slam into the opposite side of the skull, which causes the additional contusion. Both of these can be pretty traumatic. Penetrating injuries to the brain occurs from the impact of a bullet, knife or other sharp object that forces hair, skin, bone and fragments from the object into the brain. Objects traveling at a low rate of speed through the skull and brain can ricochet within the skull, which widens the area of damage. A through-and-through injury occurs if an object enters the skull, goes through the brain, and exits the skull. Through-and-through traumatic brain injuries include the effects of penetration injuries, plus additional shearing, stretching and rupture of brain tissue. The devastating traumatic brain injuries caused by bullet wounds result in a 91% firearm-related death rate overall. Firearms are the single largest cause of death from traumatic brain injury. These types of injuries are very common unfortunately in todays world. These injuries and how these injuries occur usually lead to death shortly after.[7] The most common way that these injuries happen is from careless actions from you or someone else. In another sense people do not always do anything but get these injuries. Sometimes just playing a sport you love, like soccer or football or maybe even hockey. Sports are probably the number one activity that can get you hurt. Especially, the brain. There are so many different sports that involve the head or even contact that could rattle the head. All it takes is one hit to the head or one fall or one ball that hits your head to give you an injury. The top ten sports/activities that get head injuries are Cycling( 85,389) Football (46,948) Baseball and Softball( 38,394) Basketball( 34,692) Water Sports such as, Diving, Scuba Diving, Surfing, Swimming, Water Polo, Water Skiing, Water Tubing( 28,716); Powered Recreational Vehicles which include ,ATVs, Dune Buggies, Go-Carts, Mini bikes, Off-road( 26,606) Soccer( 24,184). Skateboards/Scooters (23,114) Fitness/Exercise/Health Club (18,012) Winter Sports like: Skiing, Sledding, Snowboarding, And Snowmobiling (16,948). With all these sports all of them are very active and fun but come with a lot of risks. [8] All sports injuries or injuries in general have different severity. Just like all injuries so do brain injuries. The most common known scale to determine the severity is The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). GCS it is a scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury. Basically, it is used to help gauge the severity of an acute brain injury. The test is simple, reliable, and correlates well with outcome following severe brain injury. This system works like this The GCS measures the following functions: Eye Opening (E) 4 = spontaneous 3 = to voice 2 = to pain 1 = none Verbal Response (V) 5 = normal conversation 4 = disoriented conversation 3 = words, but not coherent 2 = no words, only sounds 1 = none Motor Response (M) 6 = normal 5 = localized to pain 4 = withdraws to pain 3 = decorticate posture (an abnormal posture that can include rigidity, clenched fists, legs held straight out, and arms bent inward toward the body with the wrists and fingers bend and held on the chest) 2 = decelerate (an abnormal posture that can include rigidity, arms and legs held straight out, toes pointed downward, head and neck arched backwards) 1 = none[9] Clinicians use this scale to rate the best eye opening response, the best verbal response, and the best motor response an individual makes. The final GCS score or grade is the sum of these numbers. This scale leads to three categories Severe (GCS 3-8, you cannot score lower than a 3.) Moderate (GCS 9-12) and Mild Traumatic brain injuries( GCS 13-15).Mild traumatic brain injury occurs when a loss of consciousness is very brief, usually a few seconds or minutes. However, a loss of consciousness does not have to occur-the person may be just dazed or confused. You can also have testing or scans done of the brain and they may appear normal. A mild traumatic brain injury is diagnosed only when there is a change in the mental status at the time of injury-the person is dazed, confused, or loses consciousness. The change in mental status indicates that the persons brain functioning has been altered, this is called a concussion. [1]Eisenberg, John M. Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury: Summary. Rockville, MD: U.S.Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1998. [2] Vay, David Le and Elise Cuschieri. Challenges in the Theory and Practice of Play Therapy. London: Routledge, 2016. [3] Vay, David Le and Elise Cuschieri. Challenges in the Theory and Practice of Play Therapy. London: Routledge, 2016. [4] About Brain Injury. About Brain Injury BIAA. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.biausa.org/about-brain-injury.htm. [5] About Brain Injury. About Brain Injury BIAA. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.biausa.org/about-brain-injury.htm. [6] Graham, Robert, Frederick P. Rivara, Morgan A. Ford and Carol Mason Spicer. Sports-related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2014. [7] The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx. [8] The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx. [9] The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx Primary: Secondary: Books: Eisenberg, John M. Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury: Summary. Rockville, MD: U.S.Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1998. Graham, Robert, Frederick P. Rivara, Morgan A. Ford and Carol Mason Spicer. Sports-related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2014. Pargman, David. Psychological Bases of Sport Injuries. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, 1993. Vay, David Le and Elise Cuschieri. Challenges in the Theory and Practice of Play Therapy. London: Routledge, 2016. Zasler, Nathan D., Douglas I. Katz and Ross D. Zafonte. Brain Injury Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York: Demos, 2007. Website: About Brain Injury. About Brain Injury BIAA. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.biausa.org/about-brain-injury.htm. Concussions Brain Injuries: Symptoms, Tests, Treatment. EMedicineHealth. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/slideshow_pictures_concussions_brain_injuries/article_em.htm. ( Accessed November 18, 2016.) Severe Brain Injury. SpringerReference. doi:10.1007/springerreference_183092. Finish The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Traumatic Brain Injury. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.aans.org/Patient Information/Conditions and Treatments/Traumatic Brain Injury.aspx. Traumatic Brain Injury. Traumatic Brain Injury Mayo Clinic. Accessed November 18, 2016. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/basics/definition/CON-20029302. Understanding TBI: Part 1 What Happens to the Brain during Injury and the Early Stages of Recovery from TBI? What Happens During Injury And In Early Stages Of Recovery. (Accessed November 18, 2016. ) http://www.msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/Understanding-TBI/What-Happens-During-Injury-And-In-Early-Stages-Of-Recovery. Articles: Chmielnicki, Eva. Brain: Bouncing Back after Brain Injury. Nature Medicine 18, no. 5 (2012): 670. doi:10.1038/nm.2783. Schmutz, JÃ ¶rg. Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury. Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine: 585-90. doi:10.1007/1-4020-4448-8_34. Secondary Brain Injury. SpringerReference. doi:10.1007/springerreference_183091. Severe Brain Injury. SpringerReference. doi:10.1007/springerreference_183092. Sports and Brain Injury. AccessScience. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.yb140815.